HTML Mathematical Symbol Special Characters

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HTML Mathematical Characters

It is occasionally necessary to include special or unusual characters in the HTML text of a web page. These are represented by three-part symbols which are included in the text:

ampersand + character-code + semi-colon
eg ¢ gives a cent symbol ¢

The codes for a large range of Greek and symbolic characters are listed below for your reference. The character codes are represented in both text and numeric form.

Code	Numeric Code	Symbol	Description
∀	∀	∀	for all
∂	∂	∂	partial differential
∃	∃	∃	there exists
∅	∅	∅	empty set
∇	∇	∇	backward difference
∈	∈	∈	element of
∉	∉	∉	not an element of
&ni;	∋	∋	contains as member
∏	∏	∏	product sign
∑	∑	∑	summation
−	−	−	minus sign
&lowast;	∗	∗	asterisk operator
√	√	√	square root
&prop;	∝	∝	proportional to
∞	∞	∞	infinity
&ang;	∠	∠	angle
&and;	∧	∧	logical and
&or;	∨	∨	logical or
∩	∩	∩	intersection
∪	∪	∪	union
∫	∫	∫	integral
&there4;	∴	∴	therefore
&sim;	∼	∼	similar to
&cong;	≅	≅	approximately equal to
≈	≈	≈	almost equal to
≠	≠	≠	not equal to
&equiv;	≡	≡	equal to
≤	≤	≤	less than or equal to
≥	≥	≥	greater than or equal to
⊂	⊂	⊂	subset of
⊃	⊃	⊃	superset of
&nsub;	⊄	⊄	not a subset of
&sube;	⊆	⊆	subset of or equal to
&supe;	⊇	⊇	superset of or equal to
&oplus;	⊕	⊕	circled plus
&otimes;	⊗	⊗	circled times
&perp;	⊥	⊥	perpendicular to
⋅	⋅	⋅	dot operator
&lceil;	⌈	⌈	left ceiling
&rceil;	⌉	⌉	right ceiling
&lfloor;	⌊	⌊	left floor
&rfloor;	⌋	⌋	right floor
&lang;	〈	⟨	left pointing angle bracket
&rang;	〉	⟩	right pointing angle bracket
&loz;	◊	◊	lozenge
&spades;	♠	♠	spade suit
&clubs;	♣	♣	club suit
&hearts;	♥	♥	heart suit
&diams;	♦	♦	diamond suit
"	"	"	quotation mark
&	&	&	ampersand
<	<	<	less than
>	>	>	greater than
&OElig;	Œ	Œ	Latin ligature OE
&oelig;	œ	œ	Latin ligature oe
&Scaron;	Š	Š	Latin S with caron
&scaron;	š	š	Latin s with caron
&Yuml;	Ÿ	Ÿ	Latin Y with diaeresis
&circ;	ˆ	ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent
&tilde;	˜	˜	small tilde
&ensp;			en space
&emsp;			em space
			thin space
&zwnj;	‌	‌	zero-width non-joiner
&zwj;	‍	‍	zero-width joiner
&lrm;	‎	‎	left to right mark
&rlm;	‏	‏	right to left mark
–	–	–	en dash
—	—	—	em dash
‘	‘	‘	left single quotation mark
’	’	’	right single quotation mark
&sbquo;	‚	‚	single low-9 quotation mark
“	“	“	left double quotation mark
”	”	”	right double quotation mark
&bdquo;	„	„	double low-9 quotation mark
&dagger;	†	†	dagger
&Dagger;	‡	‡	double dagger
&permil;	‰	‰	per mille sign
&lsaquo;	‹	‹	single left-pointing angle quotation mark
&rsaquo;	›	›	single right-pointing angle quotation mark
€	€	⇔	euro sign